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Feb 26, 2016 / Haseeb Jamal -

5 Travel Myths You Need to Stop Believing Right Now

Feb 26, 2016 / Haseeb Jamal -

Canal Comes Alive with Lighted Boat Parade.

Method of Surveying a River & Sounding

The survey of the shore line of a river is made by running a theodolite and tape traverse on a shore at a convenient distance form the edge of the water. If the river is narrow, a single theodolite and tape traverse is on one bank and both banks. Located by staid or plane table methods. If the river is wide, it is necessary to run traverses on both banks and locate each shore

How to Establish controls in Hydrographic Surveying

In an extensive survey, the primary horizontal control is established primary horizontal control secondary once by running theodolite and tape traverse b/r the triangulation station, the traverse lines being run to following the shore lines approx. in survey of less extent the primer horizontal, control only is required and is established by running a theodolite and tape

Compound Curves in Engineering Survey

Combination of two or more simple circular curves of different radius having their curvature in the same direction. Essentially, a compound curve consists of two curves that are joined at a point of tangency and are located on the same side of a common tangent. Though their radii are in the same direction, they are of different values. tr= perception/reaction time

Errors and Corrections of Errors in Levelling

Collimation error occurs when the collimation axis is not truly horizontal when the instrument is level. The effect is illustrated in the sketch below, where the collimation axis is tilted with respect to the horizontal by an angle a:

Types of Floors and Methods of Construction of Floors

A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle. Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering. A lot of variety exists in flooring and there are different types of floors due to the fact that it is the first thing that catches your eye when you walk into a house, as it spans across the length and

Properties of a Good Sealant for Joints

Protection Durability Less expansion Good adhesion Chemical inertness Sound insulation - Air tight Must be of softer grade and not stiff Good wetting behavior Must be able to absorb thermal stresses

Dampness in Buildings and DPC (Damp Proof Course)

Rising damp is caused by capillary action drawing moisture up through the porous elements of a building's fabric. Rising damp, and some penetrating damp, can be caused by faults to, or the absence of a damp-proof course (DPC) or damp-proof membrane (DPM). It is continuous layer of impervious material applied to prevent moisture transmission. A common example is

Types And Location of Canal Headworks

Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal. Diversion head-work provides an obstruction across a river, so that the water level is raised and water is diverted to the channel at required level. The increase water level helps the flow of water

Weirs - Definition, Types & Locations of Weirs

A solid obstruction put across river to raise its water level and divert water into canal (low head structure) Vertical drop wall or crest wall Upstream, downstream cut off wall at the ends of impervious floor

What is Barrage and What are the Basic Components of Barrage

The only difference between a weir and a barrage is of gates, that is the flow in barrage is regulated by gates and that in weirs, by its crest height. Barrages are costlier than weirs. Weirs and barrages are constructed mostly in plain areas. The heading up of water is affected by gates put across the river. The crest level in the barrage (top of solid obstruction) is kept at

Causes of failure of Weirs & their Remedies

Common causes of failure of weirs include: Excessive and progressive downstream erosion, both from within the stream and through lateral erosion of the banks Erosion of inadequately protected abutments

Site Selection for Barrage

When the angle between the headwork axis and the river axis exceeds 10°, the problem arises of concentration of flow on one side and island formation due to heavy silting within the guide bank on the other side. If the river axis is to the right of headwork axis, the concentration of flow is generally generally on the left side with consequent tendency to form an island

Bligh's Creep Theory for Hydraulic Structures

Bligh's Creep Theory: Design of impervious floor for sub surface flow: It is directly depended on the possibilities of percolation in porous soil on which the floor (apron) is built. Water from upstream percolates and creeps (or travel) slowly through weir base and the subsoil below it. The head lost by the creeping water is proportional to the distance it travels (creep length) along the base of the

What is Canal Head Regulators and Types of Canal Head Regulators

Structure at the head of canal taking off from a reservoir may consist of number of spans separated by piers and operated by gates. Regulators are normally aligned at 90° to the weir. Up to 10" are considered preferable for smooth entry into canal. The functions of canal head regulator are: To admit water into the off taking canal. To regulate the supplies into the canal.

Khosla's Theory of Hydraulic Structures

After studying a lot of dam failure constructed based on Bligh’s theory, Khosla came out with the following: Following are some of the main points from Khosla's Theory. From observation of Siphons designed on Bligh's theory, by actual measurement of pressure, with the help of pipes inserted in the floor of two of the siphons? Does not show any relationship with

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