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Feb 26, 2016 / Haseeb Jamal -

5 Travel Myths You Need to Stop Believing Right Now

Feb 26, 2016 / Haseeb Jamal -

Canal Comes Alive with Lighted Boat Parade.

ACI Building Code Requirements and Safety Provisions

Structural members must always be proportioned to resist loads greater than service or actual loads, in order to provide proper safety against failure. In the strength design method, the member is designed to resist the factored loads which are obtained by multiplying the factored loads with live loads. Different factors are used for different loadings. As dead loads can be estimated

Concrete Accelerators - Definition, Examples and Effects

Accelerating Admixture - an admixture that causes an increase in the rate of hydration of the hydraulic cement and thus shortens the time of setting, increases the rate of strength development, or both. Accelerating admixtures are added to concrete either to increase the rate of early strength development or to shorten the time of setting, or both. Chemical

Frame Design and Analysis using SAP2000

3D Frame Analysis using SAP2000 Watch Videos on How to design a 3D Frame - Part 1 | Part 2 in SAP2000

Traffic Load - Definition and Analysis

This is the role of the Pavement Engineer and involves determining the loading on the road to be carried forward to the Pavement Design. The role of the pavement engineer is to provide an adequate thickness of pavement to carry the expected loads without deterioration of the network during the design life. The estimated or projected magnitude and occurrence of

Highway Drainage Design, Structures and Guidelines

Includes collecting, transporting, and disposing of surface/subsurface water originating on or near the highway right of way or flowing in streams crossing bordering that right of way. Drainage of highway is important because water damage highway structure in many ways. The water which are dangerous for highways are: Rainwater: Cause erosion on surface or may

Baseline Measurement and Equipments Used

In triangulation the base line is of prime importance because it is the only horizontal distance to be measured. It should be measured very accurately since the accuracy of the computed sides of triangulation system depends on it.

Corrections for Baseline Measurement

Correction for sag is the deference in length between the are and its chord i.e b/t the curved length of the laps and the distance between the supports. It’s us required only when the tape is suspended during measurement.

How to do Triangulation Survey

The line of sight should not be near the surface of ground at pt of tangency on account of strata of disturbed air and should be kept at least 2m (61) above the ground preferably 3m (1D) and this allowance (clearance) should be made in deterring the heights of stations. If the peaks in the intervening ground are likely to obstruct, the line of sight, their elevations and

How to do Trigonometric Surveying

Geodetic or trigonometrically surveying takes into account the curvature of earth Since very extensive areas and very large distances are involved. In geodetic surveying highly refined instruments and methods are used. Geodetic work is undertaken by the state agency e.g. survey of Pakistan undertaken by the state agency. The object of geodetic surveying is to

What is Phototheodolite - Working Principle, Components & Applications

A photo theodolite is a form of ground camera. It is a combination of camera and theodolite ans is used of taking photographic and measuring the angles which the rival plane of collimation makes with base line. The optical axis of the camera is arrange parallel to the line of collimation of the chocolate telescope and the theologize allows The determination of the orientation

What is Trilateration Surveying

Because of the development of highly accurate electronic measuring devices, a triangulation system can be completely observed, computed and adjusted by measuring the lengths o the sides in the network.

Applications of Triangulation

The establishment of accurately located control points for surveys of large. The accurate location of indirection work such as: Centre lines, terminal pts shafts for long tunnels

Classification of Triangulation System

Triangulation system may be classified according to Degree of accuracy required Magnitude of work

Types & Uses of Photographic Surveying

Photographic surveying also called photograph icing is a method of surveying in which plans or maps are prepared from photographic taken at suitable camera stations or photographic is the science of making measurement from photographs. In terrestrial photo-grammetry maps are prepared from terrestrial (or ground) photographs or terrestrial

Hydrographic Surveying - Objectives and Uses of Hydrographic Surveying

It is the branch of surveying which deals with any body of still or running water such as a lake, harbor, stream or river. Hydrographic surveys are used to define shore line and under water features. Hydro-graphic surveying are carried out for one or more of the following activities.

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