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Canal Comes Alive with Lighted Boat Parade.

General Stability Criteria of Weirs

Stability analysis have been carried out for structures for most severe conditions of horizontal and vertical forces. Stability criteria are aimed at ensuring the overall safety of structure against overturning, flotation and sliding. The structures have been designed so that it should be safe against overturning at any horizontal plane within the structure at the base, or at a plane below

Cross Sectional Design of Typical Side Channel Spillways

The side channel design is concerned only with the hydraulic action in the upstream reach of the discharge channel and is more or less independent of the details selected for the other spillway components. Flows from the side channel can be directed into an open discharge channel or into a closed conduit or inclined tunnel. Flow into the side channel might enter the trough

Sand Trap Design Criteria & Location for Construction

Sand trap is a structure that is constructed to exclude the quantity of sand that is carried by water flowing in the channels or tunnels for power generation or irrigation or some other purposes. Sand trap is provided In the form of chambers that depends upon the discharge that is to be carried by the channel or tunnel. As it is general and true believe the life of dam

Clear Water Scour Scouring in Hydraulic Structures

Local scour is the Erosion occurring over a region of limited extent due to local flow conditions, such as may be caused by the presence of hydraulic structures. Scour is the result of the erosive action of flowing water excavating and carrying away material from the bed and banks of streams. Potential scour can be a significant factor in the analysis of a stream crossing system.

Clear Water Scour Scouring in Hydraulic Structures

Local scour is the Erosion occurring over a region of limited extent due to local flow conditions, such as may be caused by the presence of hydraulic structures. Scour is the result of the erosive action of flowing water excavating and carrying away material from the bed and banks of streams. Potential scour can be a significant factor in the analysis of a stream crossing system.

Underpass Type Wave Suppressor

By far the most effective wave dissipater is the short-tube type of underpass suppressor. The name "short-tube" is used because the structure has many of the characteristics of the short-tube discussed in hydraulic textbooks. This wave suppressor may be added to an existing structure or included in the original construction. In either case it provides a slightly

Spur Dikes Design and Requirements in Geometry

Spur dikes (or groynes) are structures constructed projecting from a bank to protect the bank from erosion. These are widely used for the purpose of river training and serve one or more of the following functions: Training the river along a desired course by attracting, deflecting (or repelling) and holding the flow in a channel. An attracting spur creates deep scour

Sloping Apron Vs Horizontal Apron

There are very few stilling basins with horizontal aprons for its larger dams. It has been the consensus that the hydraulic jump on a horizontal apron is very sensitive to slight changes in tail water depth. The horizontal apron tests demonstrate this to be true for the larger values of the Froude number, but this characteristic can be remedied. If a horizontal apron is designed

Freeboard - Types, Determination & Uses of Freeboard in Dams

Freeboard is the vertical distance between the crest of the embankment and the reservoir water surface. Free board can be defined in different terms such as: Normal freeboard is defined as the difference in elevation between the crest of the dam and the normal reservoir water level as fixed by design requirements. Minimum freeboard is defined as the difference in

Distributary Head Regulator - Definition, Working Mechanism

The distributary head regulator is constructed at the upstream end (i.e., the head) of a channel where it takes off from the main canal or a branch canal or a major dis-tributary. The distributary head regulator should

Culverts Types, Design, Installation and Materials

A culvert is an opening through an embankment for the conveyance of water by mean of pipe or an enclosed channel. OR It is a transverse and totally enclosed drain under a road or railway. Pipe culverts are made of smooth steel, corrugated metal, or concrete material. Their primary purpose is to convey water under roads, although a variety of wildlife use them as

Types And Location of Canal Headworks

Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal. Diversion head-work provides an obstruction across a river, so that the water level is raised and water is diverted to the channel at required level. The increase water level helps the flow of water

Weirs - Definition, Types & Locations of Weirs

A solid obstruction put across river to raise its water level and divert water into canal (low head structure) Vertical drop wall or crest wall Upstream, downstream cut off wall at the ends of impervious floor

What is Barrage and What are the Basic Components of Barrage

The only difference between a weir and a barrage is of gates, that is the flow in barrage is regulated by gates and that in weirs, by its crest height. Barrages are costlier than weirs. Weirs and barrages are constructed mostly in plain areas. The heading up of water is affected by gates put across the river. The crest level in the barrage (top of solid obstruction) is kept at

Causes of failure of Weirs & their Remedies

Common causes of failure of weirs include: Excessive and progressive downstream erosion, both from within the stream and through lateral erosion of the banks Erosion of inadequately protected abutments

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