Civil Engineering Dams
A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. For details see: Purposes of Dams
Dams could be of temporary or permanent nature. Dams may be built by constructing an embankment across the river at some suitable location.
Seepage through Earth Filled Dams and Seepage Control
Each flow path transmits the same quantity of seepage. Area bounded by two consecutive flow lines and equipotential lines is a square. Flow channel: Space between two consecutive flow lines is called flow path / flow channel. Equipotential Lines: Location of phreatic surface / phreatic line / top flow line. Properties of Flownet. Each flow path transmits the same
Reinforced Concrete Rock Fill Dams
Rock fill dams are considered to be one of the durable types of dams and can be very economical depending upon the availability of materials to be used in Dam. More rock fill dams have been faced with conventionally placed reinforced concrete than with any other type of impervious membrane. In most cases, these facings have performed well for correctly
Phreatic Line and Horizontal Drain In Earth Fill Dams
Earth dams are generally built of locally available materials in their natural state with a minimum of processing. Homogeneous earth dams are built whenever only one type of material is economically available. The material must be sufficiently impervious to provide an adequate water barrier and slopes must be relatively flat to make it safe against piping and sloughing.Requirements Of Small Hydro Power Project
All civil works must be durable and maintainable to 15 years, except in cases of specific components where rebuild is explicitly included and costed in the management plan. Civil works must be designed for adequate and safe performance at minimum expense. Reliable methods of diverting flow from the silt basin, canal, forebay, and from the penstock, so that
Hydropower Projects Planning and Implementation
Hydropower (from hydro, meaning water) is energy that comes from the force of moving water. The fall and movement of water is part of a continuous natural cycle called the “water cycle”. Energy from the sun evaporates water in the Earth’s oceans and rivers and draws it upward as water vapor. When the water vapor reaches the cooler air in the atmosphere, it condenses
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower Plants
Hydropower is the most widely used renewable energy technology. It is a mature technology and its strengths and weaknesses are equally well understood. Advantages and disadvantages of hydropower schemes can be listed in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. Hydropower plants can provide peak load service. Their fast response times enable
Munda Headworks Reconstruction on River Swat
The recent floods in 2010 have badly destroyed the headworks and causing a huge loss the agriculture potential of the area and country as well but due to strong struggle and insists of the people of shabqadar ( Merzai, Katozai, Mahzara etc). It was reconstructed in record time. If in case it was not constructed in time it may have cause a huge loss to the agriculture
How HydroPower Plants Work
As people discovered centuries ago, the flow of water represents a huge supply of kinetic energy that can be put to work. Water wheels are useful for generating motion energy to grind grain or saw wood, but they are not practical for generating electricity. Water wheels are too bulky and slow. Hydroelectric plants are different. They use modern turbine generators to produceSand and Gravel Foundation Design for Dams
For the design of earth fill dams, presented the flow of seepage through the foundation and abutments be controlled so that no internal erosion occurs and there is no sloughing in the area where the seepage emerges. This criterion also requires that the amount of water lost through seepage be controlled so that it does not interfere with planned project functions.
Advantages of Micro Hydel Project
A small scale power plant that generates electricity using the energy potential of water. Micro-hydro power plants convert the energy of flowing water into electrical energy. The energy produced by them is renewable & the process does not emit polluting gasses.Coffer Dam - Applications and Working Mechanism
A cofferdam can be defined as "A watertight construction designed to facilitate construction projects in areas which are normally submerged", such as bridges and piers.
Components of Dams | Functions of Components of Dams
It is made up of impervious material and its object is to make the dam water tight. The particle size of material used in the core is small so that it can retain water and do not allow its further seepage.How to Design Dams
Dam should be feasible to construct e.g availability of labor, material, experienced and skilled personnel etc.Role of Civil Engineers in Hydropower Projects
Hydropower planning covers a wide range of topics. Professionals from many disciplines take part in the planning and implementation of hydropower projects.
