Sanitary & Sanitation Engineering Notes & Lectures

Sanitary engineering is the application of scientific or mathematical principles with to the field of sanitation, especially in regards to its effect on public health.

Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes to promote health.

Sewage is one type of wastewater and is a major actual or potential source of pollution.

Q avg:
Qavg is the daily average flow based on yearly data.

Q peak:
Peak hourly flow rate of daily average flow (Qpeak = 1.5 x Qmax whereas, Qmax = 1.8 x Qavg,).

Q min:
Qmin is Minimum hourly flow of daily average flow (Qmin = 0.4*Qavg).

Completely Mix Batch Reactor

Plug Flow Reactor

Arbitrary Flow Reactor

Fluidized Bed Reactor

Packed Bed Reactor

For Design Flow

• Calculate the average wastewater flow, Qavg = (70-80) % of average water consumption.

• Select a peak factor, PF = [(18+√P)/(4+√P)], where P = population in thousands.

• Calculate the peak wastewater flow, Qpeak = (PF * Qavg)

• Calculate the allowance for industrial and commercial sewage at the rate of 3734

Physical Characteristics

• Turbidity
• Solids
• Temperature

Chemical Characteristics

• Nutrients
• COD
• BOD
• PH and More...

Biological Characteristics

Bacteria

Methods of Sewage Disposal

Methods of sewage disposal are of two types:

1. Dry or conservatory system
2. Water carriage system (99.9)

There are two types of hospital wastes.

• Risk Waste
• Non-Risk Waste