Integration of GPS and GIS:

• GPS are becoming very effective tools for GIS data capture.
• The GIS user community benefits from the use of GPS for location data capture in various GIS applications.
• The GPS can easily be linked to a laptop computer in the field, and with appropriate software.
• Thus GPS can help in several aspects of construction of accurate and timely GIS databases.
  
• GIS is about “What”? For example, "what" is the object or objects which will be mapped.
• These objects are referred to as "Features“ and are used to build a GIS.
• It is the power of GPS to precisely locate these Features which adds so much to the utility of the GIS system.
• On the other hand, without Feature data, a coordinate location is of little value.

Feature Types:

There are three types of Feature which can be mapped:

• Points, Lines and Areas.
• Point: A Point Feature is a single GPS coordinate position which is identified with a specific Object.
• Line: A Line Feature is a collection of GPS positions which are identified with the same Object and linked together to form a line.
• Polygon: An Area Feature is very similar to a Line Feature, except that the ends of the line are tied to each other to form a closed area.
  

Describing Features-attributes:

• Categories of descriptions for a Feature are known as Attributes of that feature.
• Attributes can be thought of as questions which are asked about the Feature. For example the Attributes of the Feature "house" would be "color", "size", "cost" and "occupants".
• A Feature is the object which will be mapped by the GPS system. The ability to describe a Feature in terms of a multi-layered database is essential for successful integration with any GIS system.
• For example, it is possible to map the location of each house on a city block and simply label each coordinate position as a house. But the additional information such as color, size, cost, occupants, etc. will provide the ability to sort and classify the houses by these categories.
  

Describing Attributes-Values

• Logically, each question asked by the Attributes must have an answer.
• The answers to the questions posed by the Attributes are called Values. In the example above, an appropriate Value (answer) for the Attribute (question) "color" may be "blue".
• The following table illustrates the relationship between Features, Attributes and Values:
  

By collecting the same type of data for each house which is mapped, a database is created.

Feature List:

• The Feature List is a database which contains a listing of the Features which will be mapped, as well as the associated Attributes for each Feature.
• Feature List also contains a selection of appropriate Values for each Attribute.
• When a Feature List is used in the field, the first step is to select the Feature to be mapped. Once a Feature is selected, the Attributes for that Feature are automatically listed. A Value for each Attribute can then be selected from the displayed list of predetermined Values.
• Objective of making a feature list: To simplify the data entry process.
  

Exporting to a GIS System:

• The final step in integrating GPS data with a GIS system is to export the GPS and Feature data into the GIS system. During this process, a GIS "layer" is created for each Feature in the GPS job. For example, the process of exporting a GPS job which contains data for House, Road and Lot Features would create a House layer, a Road layer and a Lot layer in the GIS system. These layers can then be integrated with existing GIS data.
• Once the GPS job has been exported, the full power of the GIS system can be used to classify and evaluate the data.
  

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